RAIL summary: Representation- How the media portray events, issues, individuals and social groups. Key terminology: Stereotype, generalisation of a group of people based on certain features Archetype, a type of person (a perfect example) Countertype, opposite of the perfect stereotype Ideology, a meaning/value presented or believed Polysemic, lots of possible meanings Semiotics, a system of meaning Simulacrum, representation of reality Hyper reality, enhanced reality/ media’s representation of reality (reality becomes distorted) Media theorists: Stuart Hall’s theory of representation: Hall studied representation of race, gender, class, religion in dominant mainstream media and suggests producers attempt to encode a preferred meaning, meaning is constituted by representation. Liesbet van Zoonan’s theory of feminism: In a patriarchal culture, men’s bodies are represented differently to women’s, men’s to be admired and women’s to be objectified. She suggests g